FOLLICULOGENESIS,IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE A BABY AFTER MENUPAUSE OR WITH OUT COUPULATION
Posted on 21. Jun, 2010 by admin in Menopause
Folliculogenesis,is it doable to hit a child after menupause or with discover coupulation
FOLLICULOGENESIS IN MAMMALS
BY PROF GH.MD.WANI
(This is conception of the aggregation baritone indicant authored by me,I desire a person psychoanalyse by the readers before business it to combine whatever suggestions or corrections.No conception is allowed to be translated or reprinted without authorisation of the author)
EMAIL fastwani@in.com or ghulamwani1949@gmail.com
Primodial or primery follicle.
Ovaries hit threefold functions EXOCRINE ,and ENDOCRINE.Under secreter functions they release oocyte and as secretor duty they promulgation ovarian hormones,. Activity of oogenesis begin around 7th period of brute chronicle of a female, when jillions of primodial follicles hit formed themselves in the cotex of the nonindustrial craniate ovary. This sort of primodial follicles progressively diminishes upto menopause. This is the think of baritone rate in women mated at senior ages. Every primodial follicle exist of an oocyte enclosed by a insipid stromal radiophone or somatic radiophone titled granulosa cell. The primodial follicle contains a fraudulence oocyte, today titled as oocyte I, (Guerin, 2009). The granulose cells are awninged by a essential membrane famous as membrane of Slavjan Ski. The diam of oocyte I is around 30 µm. The primodial follicle changes to direct follicle.The primodil follicle cocsists of a insipid place of example cells.When these insipid cells modify tocuboidal appearance the follicle is titled as SECONDARY FOLLICLE..It ease contains OOCYTE I inside.It has a threefold place of example cells cuboidal in shapeThe filler of OOCYTE I within it manoeuvre around 40 µm.
Granulosa radiophone growth.and angiogenesis.
The sort of granulose radiophone impact and are around 5000 in number. The oocyte grows likewise and its diam manoeuvre over 60 µ. The follicle is ease classified as alternative follicle and its filler haw impact with oocyte achievement a diam of 180 µm exclusive it. Thus direct to alternative follicle installation involves 6 crimp ontogeny in the diam of the oocyte. During terminal stages of alternative follicles unaccompanied islands or expanse evolve within multiplying gransulosa radiophone layers which evolve epitheloid cells from stroma fibroblasts. The murder tubing forking or what is titled ovarian haemodynamic utilization and described as angiogenic changes in ovarian utilization of sheep (Wani, 2009, Khatun & Wani, 2007, Khatoon et al. 2006, Goswani et al. 2008).
Pre-antral Follicle
The epitheloid cells enclosed by encapsulating angiogenic group provide uprise to what is famous as counterbalance interna or intrinsic place of the follicle. This alternative follicle in which counterbalance interna is circumpolar is titled Pre-antral follicle. The manufacture of decay is pecular acceptance of the pre-antral follicle.
The period follicle or Antral follicles
The follicle grows and granulosa cells today evolve into counterbalance externa and counterbalance interna with a bicentric antrum . The follicle is titled as tertiary follicle. The fast ontogeny and secernment of follicular (granulosa) cells continues and cells embellish innumerable around 50 million. The tertiary follicle grows in diam and reaches a filler of most 20 mm or 2 cms.
Pre-Ovulatory Follicle
The filler of the preovulatory follicle is around 20 mm or 2 cms. Any tertiary follicle forward or attaining this ontogeny is denoted as pre-ovulatory follicle. The secernment of granulosa radiophone as counterbalance interna today culminates into added identify of cells titled counterbalance externa. The oocyte within a portion accumulation of granulosa radiophone today invaginates into follicular cavity. The lepton microscopy of these counterbalance cells denoted as cloud oophurus(theca interna derivative cell) has shown that it consists of; clusters of epitheloid cells
The counterbalance externa place consists of collagen fibers penetrated by numerous murder capillaries. These angiogenic ovarian changes are pure and transparent. The customary fibroblasts of primeval follicles modify to myofibroblasts at this stage
PRE-OVULATORY FOLLICLE
Preovulaty follicle contains manlike oocyte ease pizzicato at the diakinesis stage in women.Withthe protoplasm ontogeny of the oocyte corresponding follicle also grows,. At this make oocyte, manoeuvre 120 µm in diameter. Oocyte likewise undergoes whatever changes at preovulatory stage. The cytoplasm and organelle move to grow. Cortical granules move to the periphery. It is these granules which wind aforementioned broadcasting astir thermonuclear materials and modify a concern conserving counterbalance around the “fertilized ovum” famous as cortical reactions. This state is displayed and commonly famous as Zona state or vitellane blokcs. They preclude polyspermy at fertilization. These cortical granules are radio-opaque substances which modify aforementioned a thermonuclear mushromm and shadows the surround of the oocyte at fertilization. These cortical granules from cytoplasm of the preovulaty follicle.shift and merge with ECF membranes.
Oocyte utilization & activation
While these changes are occurring the thermonuclear touchable of oocyte I at closed verify likewise resumes state but presently its state is inactive and Block II comes into force. This country effectuates at 2nd metaphase sectionalization (Metaphase II). Thus there is today ingrained evidences that oocyte of its possess resumes thermonuclear state which progresses from Propase I to Metaphase II substantially within the ovarian life. Is it doable to explore the circumstances, modulators and precursors of this change.? solon enquiry on this matter are needed. This would mayhap vindicate the growth. and maturement of follicle of its possess as it happens in PARTHENOGENESIS or modify after Menopause it would be doable to provoke much changes.. Once the execution triggering this modify from Propase to Metaphase is signaled out, we haw vindicate the impact of the relationship of Messiah “Haroon” or “Issac” from mateless and older parents as refessed to in songster Quran for the first.time in literature in 579 AD. This consciousness play modify within the oocyte to overcome its thermonuclear utilization country crapper be construct for a broad newborn concept on foliculogenesis, which would fit the wishes of infertile and older pair and provide them a newborn desire for their idolized sex modify after death. The place modification revitalisation of springy in slaughtered sheep has been achieved. (Wani, 1995, Wani, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 1996). During ovulation, propelled by the state of myofibroblasts in the counterbalance cells, the oocyte I is virtually denaturized to oocyte II with the above mentioned changes. The free “ovum” in women is thusly oocyte II enclosed by cloud cells. The make at which oocyte are free in mammals hit been reportable (Wani 1996). The amount is exhibit among figures of this chapter, alongwith our possess results of oocyte maturement and enrichment after death. The oocyte were recovered, grown and developed invitro within 12-20 hrs of slaughtering the animals. Fertilizing the recovered with cum obtained from the slaughtered Rams epidylimus . This example investigate opens a newborn epoch of place modification revitalisation of chronicle and also explains the otherwise truths regarded as “Myths” excerpt ‘Holy Quran .
Primodial Germ Cell Pool
Premodial follicle rest in inactivity since its manufacture during craniate chronicle upto Menopause i.e. around 15 years. Out of the primodial follicular bet or commonly referred to germ radiophone bet by whatever authors including me in our preceding books and treatise (Wani, 1984, 1984 b, 1996, 2006, 2008, 2009). Only a whatever acquire ease inferior grown and futher exclusive digit matures and ovulates at apiece cycle. At puberty their sort in humans is famous to hit attenuated to 2 meg from example craniate ovarian bet of 5 meg at birth. . I staleness accent every these sort statistics is postulations or calculations on statistical assumption. Only “God’ famous the genuine number. However, reviewing the acquirable noesis on this fellow of Apr 27th 2009, when I am composition this chapter every literatory and inquiring figures inform 5 meg at relationship and around 2 meg at puberty. Thus added momentous expiration of the germ radiophone bet occurs between relationship and puberty. I exactly desire our forthcoming reproductive investigate scholars to investigate:
Whether this expiration between relationship and puberty is kindred in fertilised and infertile women. There are mayhap digit account which could be undraped in future. If the move to the discourse is yes. It effectuation fertilised women hit inferior expiration of primodial follicles in their physical utilization from immatureness to maturity or menopause.. This would effectuation more sort of follicle acquirable for ovulation or perhaps a ratio exists within developmental impact to hit a immobile sort of bet to enlist and attribute forthcoming ovulating follicles. The perverse move module verify us to stray concern of Endocrindogy where biology evidences lonely could not establish the point, but yes digit would psychoanalyse the honor of success in aided rate cases. How and when this would be famous is perhaps beyond my vision. Atleast in my chronicle I do not foresce a turning of this category as rattling whatever follicular biologists are astir on earth. Perhaps prioritizing of foetal-maternal interactions by WHO / UNDEP/ USAD/ CAR. Such another concern investigate methodicalness haw help. Alternatively, a investigate gift by an infertile pair (who understand the status of jillions pain from infertility) haw support us to exhibit the unseeable possibleness .
As on today the execution of folliculogenesis is so wasteful that discover of a bet of 7 meg likely foodstuff (Primodial follicles) scarce 4000 follicles accomplish preovulatory stage. A newborn participate ridge bet is acquirable on folliculogenesis. Many unclear cost hit been reportable we haw essay to inform here ultimate definition of these cost utilised by us and whatever authors.We module essay to move whatever commenly asked questions on this topic.
Is achievement of follicle sure to ovulate genetically guided?
Let us then handle the initial achievement first:
Initial Recruitment
This is the impact when primodial follicles arrests at relationship acquire their power to grow. Local ontogeny promoting factors hit been institute to be answerable for this wakeup call. Research psychoanalyse believes restrictive impact is answerable for the primodial follicular sleep. This unfathomable rest crapper be or is famous to be busted by stimulatory factors. These restrictive and stimulatory factors hit been researched.
Every direct follicles contains oocytes in an inactive make of development.The make at which an oocyte is entranced in adep rest differs.It is species limited and modify differs within lineage and individuals of aforementioned breed.. Here at this make the oocyte genome is activated. This activation has been reportable as Transcription of genes. This is what needs boost elucidation. What is that nature of this recorded gene. During this modify of the foliculogenesis a momentous utilization has been searched out. This is what we call paracrine act pathway. These paracrine act pathways reportable fresh intend pathways which are answerable for act signals from follicle or granulosa cells to the exclusive unfree oocyte. The ontogeny of oocyte and follicle is occurrence and proportionately comparable. The cloud oophorus as is it famous is the act steer for the oocyte.Any modify or state is guided by it and id thusly a motherlike curb mechanisms.During in-vitro enrichment experiements it is today a
routine to co-culture oocytes with cloud cell.
Follicular Endocrine Recieptivity : Follicle attains catecholamine (FSH=Follicle Stimulating Hormone) recieptivity when follicular surround is few place thick.. It is institute that gonadotrophin organ amend in these follicular radiophone which attain direct follicles susceptible to FSH. Thus, we could feature that two, recieptivity waves theorize the occurrence of the direct follicle.
First is Exocrine: Recieptivity in which a act execution with “oocyte” is established. An act grouping between direct follicle cells and oocyte inside.
Second is Endocrine: recieptivity which establishes receptors within direct follicular cells for FSH. (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone). Now it is ingrained that every follicle do not move to FSH; it is exclusive direct follicle who move to it. We haw not astonishment if Endocrinologits in forthcoming rename gonadotrophin as PFSH(Primary Follicle Stimulating Hormone).
Primary Follicle Stimulating Hormone(PFSH): During this transformation of direct follicle to alternative follicle, oocyte concealment membrane accumulates cortical granules on a glycoprotein polymer. Thus capsulise peripheral oocyte comes to be constituted as forthcoming Zona-pellucida. This is virtually prototypal modify (physically or morphological) of oocyte from the follicular wall. Is it that this biology modify prelude newborn brute formation..
Paracrine Signalling Pathway (PSP) are the after mechanisms which initiates the change. Future investigate haw show, whether paracrine act make secretor salutation or vise-versa. Similarly the nature of secretor salutation towards cortical granule shitting and ensuant manufacture of Zona-pellucida is the signifier duty of secreter or secretor signals or a compounding of both. Thus forthcoming investigate in this epoch should intend a individual (embryologist) biochemist (biotechnologist) and endocrinologist if every unseeable secrets, this tiny accumulation of 01. mm diam hides. The direct follicles are ease azygos bedded cells, but the nature of these cells hit denaturized from insipid to cubiodal form. Here it is essential to saucer out. That the older construct of secretor salutation to gonadotrophin by multilayer follicle is somewhat reformed. The changes for hormonal salutation to gonadotrophin make modify when direct follicles are azygos bedded but cubiodal cells. The literal execution of this curb is to be boost investigated. If whatever digit comes discover with a {follicular switch” enhancing salutation of the follicles to FSH, we haw follow in sick the otherwise 3 meg bet at relationship and 2 meg expiration at puberty. A newborn engineering of follicles is in substance for forthcoming folliculogenetists.
Secondary Follicle
The digit bedded granulosa call counterbalance around an oocyte makes a follicle to be upgraded and titled as alternative follicle. A alternative follicle is what we crapper conviently intend as multilayered follicle. It is famous that the ingrained secreter act path is a two-way-process act signals from oocyte to granulosa cells and vise-versa. Here during alternative follicle stage, oocyte secreted signals are answerable for initiating changes in the follicular surround and secernment of follicle discover cover titled Lamina Propia or Basal Lamina. They participate biology changes and evolve into Theca Externa and Theca Interna. Both these layers or thecas are reticulated by murder capillaries. During its utilization a direct follicle is constituted as digit with Zona-pellucida fat (9 layer) granulosa cells. Theca Interna, Theca Externa a tubing net.
Tertiary Follicle
It is synomen as Graffian follicle. Graffian follicle study is presented on the study of the individual who prototypal saw a Graffian follicle and spoken as if a specter has eluded him. For more info intend (Wani, 1996)
